堪輿叢書-書籍專區

 序     言                                               
                                                                          
　　人與人之間，如果彼此能互相瞭解，相處自然很融洽，                      
否則，個人就會顯得很孤立。舉例來說，有一件事，我覺得                      
對大家是有好處的，因而我去做，結果卻產生壞的影響;                         
又我以一顆純潔無偽的心，來接受對方的感情，但是最後，                      
我卻有被羞辱的感覺。這些都是人與人間，缺乏瞭解與                          
溝通的原因。有些人原可彼此親近起來，甚至做長期的                          
朋友，卻因為一點芝麻小事，而使感情變僵;有些人昨天                         
情同手足，今天卻形同陌路，這都是令人很遺憾的事。                          
                                                                          
　　在臺灣省上有閩南人、客家人、山地同胞和外省人等，                      
種族算是不少，彼此之間的爭執在所難免，所以曾有人主張                      
各種族之間要融洽相處。因此，研究各種族風俗習慣的                          
重要性自是不言而喻，甚至細小的事也要明白清楚，                            
才能增進彼此的瞭解，進而融洽相處。                                        
                                                                          
　　我們只要與人交談過，那麼對這個人至少有一點認識，                      
這是屬於比較客觀的面對面接觸。但是，即使我們未曾                          
與人交談過，只要對他們的風俗習慣有所瞭解，同樣對他們                      
會有所認識，這是屬於比較主觀的心靈接觸。所以，並不一定                    
要靠言語的溝通，才能彼此瞭解。                                            
                                                                          
　　本書作者林先生，服務於警察界，平時對研究臺灣歷史                      
和文化很有興趣，也產生很多感觸。這本「臺灣舊有風俗習慣：                  
冠婚葬祭拜之儀式」，是他利用多年來的空閒時間，研究本省                    
風俗習慣，有的依照文獻記載，有的則實際觀察，經過努力                      
研究所寫成的。我並答應他的請求，為他寫序。                                
                                                                          
    此書內容豐富，言詞懇切，舉例適當，並且把本省民族性的                  
信仰、冠婚葬祭的儀式、寺廟祭典都毫無遺漏的保留下來，                      
可以說是難得一見的作品。有關臺灣的著作，寫得好的並不多，                  
但是本書毫無疑問地對大家有很大幫助。不只是臺灣人應看，                    
就是非臺灣人民，而想研究臺灣歷史、文化的人，本書亦是                      
最佳輔助書籍。                                                            
                                                                          
                   自     序                                              
                                                                          
　　本省人民大多是屬於漢民族，其祖先於數百年前，由福建和                  
廣東移民而來，因此風俗習慣和福建、廣東一樣，但因種族不同，                
彼此風俗習慣也不同，而大家生活在同一島上，有人從政、或                    
從商，或教書……等等，往往因生活習性、語言、信仰等不同，                  
彼此之間的認識又不夠，所以在生活上有困難，甚至彼此發生                    
摩擦，這種例子很多，所以，各種族不但要瞭解自己的風俗習慣，                
還要認識別人的，甚至彼此認識，這樣生活上才不會有隔閡，                    
大家也才能團結，如此，政治、教育、社會……等等才會有所                    
進步。                                                                    
                                                                          
    所以，我建議在警察學校、師範學校等教育場所，開闢教授                  
「臺灣歷史與文化」這一科。最近各地學校教師、教育家和學者，                
都很熱中研究鄉士文學或文化，這多少也是要促進種族之間                      
的瞭解。                                                                  
                                                                          
　　我於二十年前來到臺灣，正因為我有這些感觸，所以平時我                  
除了忙於公務以外，也學習臺灣話，研究臺灣人的信仰、風俗                    
等等，因而寫成這本書，經過各方鼓勵，終於決定出版成書。                    
                                                                          
　　現在臺灣不管在政治、教育、工商業……那一方面，                        
都有長足的進步。同時也能打破迷信和革除陋習，例如男子                      
不再辮髮，女子不再纏足，另外，女婢也成歷史名詞了，只是現在                
仍有以養女、養媳來從事買賣人口的勾當，所以，在臺灣風俗                    
習慣中，仍待改進的還有很多。                                              
                                                                          
　　這本書可以幫助我們瞭解自己，相信對於全民團結也有                      
幫助。如果真能夠有助於全民團結或打破迷信、改革陋俗，                      
那我個人真是會非常得高興。可惜我文筆拙劣，又恐調查                        
研究不夠清楚，還請大家多多指教。                                          
                                                                          
　　最後我要說的是，這本書能順利出版，諸位先生                            
功不可沒。另外，我還參考了一些書，如臺灣風俗、臺灣舊有                    
風俗習慣雜誌、臺灣宗教等書，在此一併感謝。                                
                                                                          
                 目       錄                                              
                                                                          
序言                                                                      
自序                                                                      
第一篇　台灣的民族性和一般信仰觀念                                        
　　台灣與中國大陸的關係                                                  
　　台灣人的敬天思想和祭拜祖先                                            
　　　敬天思想                                                            
　　　祭拜祖先                                                            
　　分類械鬥和西皮福祿的紛爭                                              
　　台灣人的階級觀念                                                      
　　　上九流                                                              
　　　下九流                                                              
　　台灣移民和寺廟建立                                                    
　　中國的祭統制度                                                        
　　台灣人的神明觀念                                                      
　　寺廟中祭神的地位                                                      
　　　主神                                                                
　　　屬神                                                                
　　神軍的觀念                                                            
　　寺廟教義的分類                                                        
　　　儒教的寺廟                                                          
　　　佛教的寺廟                                                          
　　　道教的寺廟                                                          
　　　齋教的寺廟                                                          
　　神罰的因果報應                                                        
　　台灣人的詛咒(立誓)觀念                                                
　　風水說                                                                
　　神佛和祖先的祭祀團體                                                  
　　祭祀神佛                                                              
　　　供物的種類                                                          
　　　金銀紙的由來                                                        
　　　爆竹的由來                                                          
　　　擲茭的方法                                                          
　　巫覡術士的法術                                                        
　　　巫覡                                                                
　　　術士(山、醫、命、卜、相等)的道術                                    
第二篇　出生冠婚葬祭等習慣                                                
　出生                                                                    
　　有關出生的觀念以及授子之神──註生娘娘                                
　　有關懷孕的種種迷信                                                    
　　男子系統主義                                                          
　　栽花換斗(變換胎兒性別的方法)                                          
　　辨別胎兒性別的方法                                                    
　　催生(早產)                                                            
　　小產(流產)                                                            
　　產褥                                                                  
　　生產                                                                  
　　舊習慣上的生兒所屬問題                                                
　　產後的照顧                                                            
　　死產                                                                  
　　帶流蝦                                                                
　　做月內(產後一個月內)                                                  
　　命名的標準                                                            
　　改名                                                                  
　　三朝之禮                                                              
　　做滿月的禮物頭尾(產後滿一個月的賀禮)                                  
　　做四月日(產後滿四個月)                                                
　　做週歲(祝賀誕生)                                                      
　　拜床母                                                                
　　纏足陋俗的廢止                                                        
　　辮髮陋俗的廢止                                                        
　　入學                                                                  
　　棺絭                                                                  
　　脫絭                                                                  
　　祝賀生日                                                              
　冠禮                                                                    
　　冠禮                                                                  
　結婚                                                                    
　　同姓不婚的理由                                                        
　　姓氏的起源和變遷                                                      
　　台灣的姓及對山地同胞的賜姓政策                                        
　　重姓                                                                  
　　婚姻的種類和適年齡                                                    
　　宗祧、財產的繼承和戶主相續                                            
　　台灣戶口上家族                                                        
　　婚嫁選定的條件                                                        
　　婚姻的六禮儀式                                                        
　　拜神(出廳)                                                            
　　舅仔探房和換花                                                        
　　鬧廳                                                                  
　　請人客                                                                
　　請客注意事項和近來結婚筳席的方式                                      
　　鬧洞房                                                                
　　做客                                                                  
　　寄禮                                                                  
　　娶神主(與牌位結婚)                                                    
　　招夫招婿的婚姻                                                        
　　離婚                                                                  
　葬祭                                                                    
　　台灣人對死亡的觀念                                                    
　　搬舖(益臨終時將睡床移到大廳)                                          
　　運棺和寄棺                                                            
　　討債子的觀念和屍體的處理                                              
　　遺囑和託孤                                                            
　　分手尾錢(遺產的分配)                                                  
　　死亡當時的處置                                                        
　　腳尾飯、腳尾紙                                                        
　　號哭、哭路頭及其由來                                                  
　　過小轎                                                                
　　驚貓                                                                  
　　報外祖、接外祖                                                        
　　發喪                                                                  
　　分孝服                                                                
　　開魂路                                                                
　　魂帛                                                                  
　　旛仔                                                                  
　　乞水                                                                  
　　沐浴                                                                  
　　接棺                                                                  
　　套衫                                                                  
　　抽壽                                                                  
　　張穿                                                                  
　　辭生(死者的最後一餐)                                                  
　　放手尾錢                                                              
　　割鬮                                                                  
　　洗淨                                                                  
　　豎靈(臨時性的靈位)