Ι下肢的骨骼
1、骨盆pelvis
腸骨(山脊)illiac crest
髂骨前上棘anterior superior illiac spine（ASIS）
髂骨前下棘anterior inferior illiac spine（AIIS）
髂骨後上棘posterior superior illiac spine（PSIS）
薦髂關節sacro-illiac joint
坐骨結節ischial tubercle
2、股骨femur
大轉子greater trochanter
股骨頭head of femur
3、膝關節周邊around the knee joint
膝蓋骨patella
股骨內髁medial condyle of the femur
股骨外髁lateral condyle of the femur
脛骨內髁medial condyle of the tibia
脛骨外髁lateral condyle of the tibia
股骨內上髁medial epicondyle of the femur
股骨外上髁lateral epicondyle of the femur
內收肌結節adductor tubercle
脛骨粗隆tibial tuberosity
腓骨頭head of fibula
4、踝關節及足部周邊around the ankle joint & foot
內側腳踝medial malleorus
外側腳踝lateral malleorus
踝關節talocrural joint
距骨talus(身體body、頸neck、頭head、滑車trochlea)
跗骨竇tarsal sinus
跟骨calcaneus
跟骨粗隆Calcaneal tuberosity
載距突sustentaculum tali
屈拇長肌腱溝groove for tendon of FHL
腓骨長肌腱溝groove for peroneus longus tendon
距骨下關節subtalar joint
跟骰關節calcaneocuboideum joint
舟骨navicular
內楔骨medial cuniform
拇趾蹠骨metatarsal bone of hullcis
跗蹠關節tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc’s joint)
中楔骨intermediate cuniform
外楔骨lateral cuniform
Ⅱ下肢的韌帶
1、股三角相關around the scarpa triangle
鼠蹊韌帶inguinal ligament
股動脈femoral artery
股神經femoral nerve
股外側皮神經lateral femoral cutaneus nerve
2、膝關節相關around the knee joint
內側副韌帶medial collateral ligament（MCL）
外側副韌帶lateral collateral ligament（LCL）
腓骨韌帶fabello-fibula ligament（FFL）
髕骨韌帶patella ligament
髕骨內側支持帶medial patella retinaculum
髕骨外側支持帶lateral patella retinaculum
內側髕股韌帶medial patello-femoral ligament
內側髕脛韌帶medial patello-tibial ligament
外側髕股韌帶lateral patello-fomeral ligament
外側髕脛韌帶lateral patello-tibial ligament
髂脛束illio-tibial tract
3、踝關節相關around the ankle joint
三角韌帶deltoid ligament(內側副韌帶MCL)
外側副韌帶lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
雙叉韌帶bifurcate ligament
(跟舟韌帶calcaneonavicular ligament、
跟骰韌帶calcaneocuboid ligament
後距跟韌帶posterior talocalcaneal ligament
足底腱膜plantar aponeurosis
彈簧韌帶spring ligament
跟舟足底韌帶(plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)
Ⅲ下肢的肌肉
1、和髖關節有關的肌肉
骼腰肌iliopsoas muscle
髂肌iliacus muscle
腰大肌psoas major muscle
縫匠肌sartorius muscle
闊筋膜張肌tensor fasciae latae muscle
臀中肌gluteus medius muscle
臀小肌gluteus minimus muscle
臀大肌gluteus maximus
梨狀肌piriformis muscle
股方肌quadratus femoris muscle
上孖肌superior gemellus muscle
下孖肌inferior gemellus muscle
閉孔內肌Obturator internus muscle
內收長肌adductor longus muscle
櫛狀肌pectineus muscle
內收大肌adductor magnus muscle
2、和膝關節有關的肌肉
股直肌rectus femoris muscle
股內側肌vastus medialis muscle
股外側肌vastus lateralis muscle
股中間肌vastus intermedius muscle
髕上囊 suprapatella pouch
半腱肌semitendinosus muscle
半膜肌semimembranosus muscle
股二頭肌長頭 biceps femoris long head
股二頭肌短頭biceps femoris short head
股薄肌gracilis muscle
膕肌popliteus muscle
3、和踝關節及足部有關的肌肉
脛前肌tibialis anterior muscle
伸趾長肌extensor digitorum longus muscle
伸拇長肌extensor hallucis longus muscle
腓腸肌gastrocnemius muscle
比目魚肌soleus muscle
脛後肌tibialis posterior muscle
屈趾長肌flexor digitorum longus muscle
屈拇長肌flexor hallucis longus muscle
腓骨長肌peroneus longus muscle
腓骨短肌peroneus brevis muscle
外展拇指肌 abductor hallucis muscle
屈拇短肌 flexor hallucis muscle
內收拇指肌 adductor hallucis muscle
屈趾短肌flexor digitorum brevis muscle
Ⅳ肢體─胸腔、脊柱相關組織
1、和胸腔有關的組織
胸骨柄manubrium
頸靜脈切跡jugular notch
胸骨角sternal angle
鎖骨間韌帶interclavicular ligament
第一．第二胸肋關節I, II sternocostal joint
胸骨體body of sternum
劍突xiphoid process
第三~第七胸肋關節III-VII sternocostal joint
第十一肋骨XI rib
第十二肋骨XII rib
腰方肌quadratus lumborum muscle
乳突mastoid process
胸鎖乳突肌sternocleidomastoid muscle
前斜角肌scalenus anterior muscle
中斜角肌scalenus medius muscle
肱神經叢brachial plexus
2、和脊柱有關的組織
枕外粗隆external occipital protuberance
上項線superior nuchal line
下項線inferior nuchal line
寰椎橫突transverse process of atlas
頸椎棘突spinous process of cervical vertebra
腰椎棘突spinous process of lumber vertebra
薦骨正中(山脊)median sacral crest of sacral bone
腰椎小面關節facet joint of lumber vertebra
胸椎棘突spinous process of thorasic vertebra
腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle
腹外斜肌external oblique muscle
腹內斜肌internal oblique muscle
腰部的多裂肌multifidus muscle of the lumber
下肢肌肉的支配神經、脊椎節區域一覽表
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